英语词汇测试范文

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第1篇

夜上海论坛 【关键词】英语；课改；词汇；记忆；测试

一、前言

新课程改革对初中英语词汇夜上海论坛量的要求正在进一步提升，新的教材内容中生词率亦在增加，单词重复率显著降低。新课程改革标准要求初中生必须至少掌握超过1500个新单词，且能够学会灵活使用约300个常规词组及习惯用语。作为一门语言学科，词汇是所有教学内容的构建基础，词汇之于英语教学，好比地基之于建筑，地基是保障建筑稳定的关键，同样词汇也是学习英语知识的基础。任何思想交流的过程均是通过将不同的词汇组合成句子，进而实现人类的交流活动。词汇是构成语言的基础，是任何词组、句子、段落的最为基本、细小的单位。对于英语教学而言，学生对词汇的掌握与运用程度是反映教学效果的重要指标。因此，在新课程改革的背景下，要提高初中英语词汇教学的有效性，提升课堂教学的效率，广大英语教师需依照词汇教学的要求，设计多元化的词汇教学活动，教会学生更多词汇记忆的方法，以提升其语言运用的综合能力。

二、强化词汇记忆的教学策略

夜上海论坛 在初中英语教学过程中，词汇是决定学生英语水平的关键，它对学生的整体英语水平有着至关重要的影响。因此，为提升英语教学效率，在课堂教学中老师需要向学生传授更多的、有效的词汇记忆方法，并结合积极的教学策略，以提升学生单词记忆的水平。

（一）构词法

任何语言的构成均会遵循一定的构词规律，英语同样如此，在英语中很大一部分单词的构成均有其自身的构词原则，学生若具备一定的单词基础，掌握基本的构词规律，便能够根据词根、词性准确猜测出单词的含义，并通过联想记忆，深化对单词的理解，提升词汇记忆的有效性。以farm 为例，加上后缀-er便可表示a person who lives in the farm，即farmer，农场主、农民、承包人，诸如此类的单词还包括许多，例如：sing-singer，village-villager等，加上简单后缀-er，放在动词之后便表示从事该项工作的“人”及与该事情相关的“工具”。另外，还包括一些否定前缀的构词规律等，例如：happy-unhappy，在原始单词之前加上否定前缀-un，便可表示相反的含义。在词汇教学中，老师需要引导学生总结单词的构词规律，并根据基础单词记忆与之相关的其他单词，通过关联记忆、规律把握，提升词汇教学的效率，使学生奠定良好的词汇基础。

（二）拼读规则记忆

夜上海论坛 英语单词不仅有其构词的规律，同样在其拼读方面亦遵循着一定的规则，学生在学习完各音节、音素的发音后，便可归纳出一定的拼读规则。英语字组可分为元字组与辅字组，元字组主要由元音字母及字组构成，辅字组与其类似，是由辅音字母与字组组成。在英语学习的初始阶段，由于学生所掌握的词汇量相对而言比较少，对构成单词的各个字母的发音尚不明确，此时老师便需引导学生记忆常规的字组，以增加其对发音规则的了解。在学生积累一定的词汇基础后，老师便可指导学生结合读音与拼写来对单词做一个较为整体的记忆掌握，根据单词的拼写判断其读音，并通过读音便可联想单词的字母构成，进而做到对单词整体的把握，深化对单词的记忆。

（三）将词汇放置于语境中记忆

在英语中，较大一部分单词的含义并不是单一、独立的，在不同的语境中，相同的单词亦会有不同的含义，因此，为增加学生对词汇的理解，提升词汇教学的有效性，老师还需将词汇放置于具体的语境中，引导学生进行理解记忆。此种词汇记忆方法不仅能够深化对学生理解能力的培养，同样能够全面调动学生的思维能力。以number为例，作为动词，它有“给……标号码”的意思，而作为名词，则主要表达数字、号码的含义。此时在教学过程中，老师有必要为学生创设词汇记忆的情境，列举不同的例句，让学生在句子中把握词汇的含义，进行理解记忆。在“lily is numbering the pictures”一句中，“number”便作为动词。因此，老师在教学过程中，需要引导学生通过练习教材案例，联系整个句子，去猜测单词的

含义，去深化自身对词义的理解能力。

三、词汇测试分析

夜上海论坛 在英语教学中，词汇测试的主要目的便是用于鉴别学生对词汇的掌握水平。它同样也是英语教学的关键构成要素。老师能够通过词汇测试所反馈的结果，制定后期针对性的教学策略，进而提高英语教学的有效性。

整合近几年来中考词汇考察的习题特点设计，词汇测试的重点均放置于一些重点名词、动词、形容词等所衍生、构成的固定词组上，主要通过转变单词词性，将其置于不同的语境中，通过考察学生对句子及语篇的理解，根据所提示的单词，写出对应的考察单词，以保障语段及句子的连贯性。此类命题多考察学生对句子的理解、分析能力，对词汇知识的运用能力，对单词的辨析能力及词性、语态的把握等。因此，在英语教学设计时，老师需要结合考察目标，整合不同类型的词汇考查题，将其引入课堂中，测试学生的词汇掌握水平，强化对学生理解能力的锻炼，主要可采取完形填空、综合填空、短文填空等测试形式，在课程结束前10分钟，对学生进行简单的词汇记忆测试，并在下一堂课前根据测试所反馈的结果，调整教学策略，细化教学重点内容，进而提升英语词汇教学的有效性，全面提升学生的综合素质。

夜上海论坛 四、结语

夜上海论坛 综上所述，在新课程改革的背景下，要提升英语课堂教学的有效性，深化学生对词汇的理解记忆、联想记忆，为其英语学习奠定良好的单词基础，老师在教学过程中需要注重讲授更多单词记忆的有效方法，引导学生通过构词法、拼读记忆等规则来深化对词汇的把握与记忆，同时还需根据新课程教学的目标，并结合中考考察的重要内容，为学生创设更多的词汇学习情境，深化对其理解能力的培养。

【参考文献】

夜上海论坛 [1]呼新民.初中新课程英语词汇记忆及其测试的研究[j].科学导报，2013（09）.

第2篇

关键词：词汇测试 效度 信度 选择题

夜上海论坛 Abstract： Vocabulary test， as an important part of English language tests， should be valid and reliable. A valid vocabulary test is one which tests what it is supposed to test， while a reliable vocabulary test is one which will always give the same result under the same condition. At the first place， vocabulary test should be therefore designed with considering validity and reliability.

夜上海论坛 Keywords： testing vocabulary， validity， reliability， multiple-choice

夜上海论坛 Vocabulary test is considered as an important part of language tests， because there is a sense in which learning a foreign language is basically a matter of learning the vocabulary of that language. It is pointed out that the purpose of vocabulary tests is usually to supply information， and the information should be accurate. So vocabulary tests should be valid and reliable， and should be designed with considering validity and reliability.

夜上海论坛 Test validity in designing vocabulary tests

A valid vocabulary test is one which tests what it is supposed to test. There are two points should be concerned here： one is the selection of lexical items； the other is the ways of constructing items for testing vocabulary.

夜上海论坛 The writer of a vocabulary test first determines the degree to which he/she wishes to concentrate on testing the student’s active or passive vocabulary， and decides whether the lexical items in the test should be taken from spoken or the written language. Lexical items can be selected from：

夜上海论坛 ----the syllabus （including a word frequency list if available）；

夜上海论坛 ----the students’ textbook （provided the items approximate to those used in natural speech situations）；

----the students’ reading material （e.g. simplified readers， literary texts）； and

----lexical errors taken from students’ free-written work （or from students’ incorrect answers in a cloze test）.

Then the writer of a vocabulary test should select out the typical words from the lexical items. What is called “typical” is that it can test the extent of a student’s vocabulary by some typical words. Suppose there are 30 words selected， which can be divided into several classes. And it is possible measure the extent of a student’s vocabulary according to the class that the typical words recognized or produced belong to. That’s the test validity on selecting lexical items.

夜上海论坛 There are kinds of ways of constructing items to test vocabulary. Generally speaking， the items are designed on the basis of two points as follow. One is to test the vocabulary validly； the other is to change ways of constructing items according to the purpose of the tests.

夜上海论坛 Let us take， for example， a test which is designed to find out whether students understand the meanings of certain words in a written context. The rubric for the test may say： ‘ Give the meanings of the following words taken from the passage that you have just read’： （then follows a list of words）. What is this wrong with a test of comprehension？ The problem is that it is possible to understand the meaning of a word without necessarily being able to produce another word （or phrase） which has the same meaning. This is therefore a test of both comprehension and production. If we are only interested in comprehension then we should adopt another testing strategy， perhaps by rewording the rubric thus： ‘look at the following list of word meanings. Opposite each one write down a word from the passage which has that meaning.’ This involves the candidate only in matching the meaning with a word taken from the passage， a purely receptive skill.

夜上海论坛 A similar problem arises with the multiple-choice vocabulary items. Exercises 1&2 of the following test items are belong to vocabulary items， while exercises 3&4 test the grammar including usage and tense.

Ex1.

The minister accused the farmers of ____ the potato shortage in order to force prices up.

夜上海论坛 A. depleting B. expecting C. exploiting D. misapplying E. misappropriating

Ex2.

夜上海论坛 Since 1954 the rivalry in military strength between the world’s great powers has produced a ____ balanced peace.

presently B. precociously C. previously D. deviously E. precariously

Ex3.

Why do you keep____ your eyes？

夜上海论坛 rub B. rubbing C. rubbed D. to rub

Ex4.

He made the ____ mistake in the dictation exercise.

less B. least C. fewer D. fewest

夜上海论坛 Another example of test that may not be valid often occurs with the exercise as follow. The rubric of the test may say： ‘Use the following words in sentences： pretty， drive， complex…’ and the answers may be like this：

Mary is a pretty girl.

夜上海论坛 I got a pretty picture from the shop.

But testing the extent of a student’s vocabulary is only one aspect of the whole problem： control of the vocabulary at his or her disposal must also be measured. Let us take the multiple choice （which are usually organized so that the candidate has a number of options， only one of which is correct， the others being wrong.） unless the vocabulary item being tested has a very low frequency count （i.e. is very rarely used）， however， the item writer is advised to limit the options to the same general area of activity where possible.

Item1 Item2

apparition apparition

A. skeleton A. scenery

夜上海论坛 B. ghost B. ghost

夜上海论坛 C. nightmare C. magician

D. corpse D. castle

夜上海论坛 If item2 were set in a test， students who had read a few ghost stories would probably select option B because they would associate apparition with the stories they had read. In item1， however， students are required to show a much greater control over vocabulary.

An ability to discriminate between words is of the utmost importance at all but the elementary levels. Here the stem of multiple choice consists of a sentence： the testees have to select the best synonym or definition of the lexical items underlined.

The burglar was arrested， but the person who helped him in the crime got away.

夜上海论坛 his associate B. his affiliate C. his accomplice D. his employer

夜上海论坛 Einstein’s theory of relativity seemed incredible when it was first introduced.

unbelievable B. unaccountable C. impressive D. inconsistent

She trembled as she admitted what she had done.

夜上海论坛 A. stumbled B. shrank C. hesitated D. shook

In broader terms， this ability mentioned above may be regarded as developing a feel for the language. Vocabulary is much more useful tested in context since it is the context that gives specific meaning and relevance to a word， thus creating a situation which is as linguistically valid as possible in the circumstances. Please compare these two items：

Item1

contemptuous

夜上海论坛 deep in thought B. without a sense of humor C. self-satisfied D. scornful

Item2

Lan was contemptuous of the efforts of his friends to raise some money for the charity.

夜上海论坛 deep in thought B. without a sense of humor C. self-satisfied D. scornful

Obviously， item2 is valid when the lexical item is put in a context.

Test reliability in designing vocabulary tests

夜上海论坛 A reliable vocabulary test is one which will always give the same result under the same conditions. Fortunately， reliability is not usually such a great problem in vocabulary testing as it is in some other areas of language testing. In testing composition or testing conversational competence， for example， there is often a subjective element which has to be overcome， by using a detailed marking scheme， perhaps， and/or by using more than one examiner. That’s why the multiple-choice technique is so popular as a testing device， especially in a vocabulary test.

夜上海论坛 One of the main problems in making up multiple-choice tests is that the distractors have to be plausible （seem possible）， with being misleading. For example：

Is that gentleman married or______？

夜上海论坛 A. alone B. bachelor C. single D. without wife

All the options in the above question are in roughly the same area of meaning， but only C （single） sounds natural， since married and single are words which usually collocate as opposites. On the other hand， care must be taken not to unfairly mislead the candidate， as in the following example.

夜上海论坛 The sergeant showed the new____ how to salute.

A. volunteers B. conscripts C. recruits D. novices

The current answer is given as C （recruits）， but it could be argued that A （volunteers） and B （conscripts） are also possible.

So this item is not reliable.

夜上海论坛 There are several rules should be obey when designing the multiple-choice item on the standards of reliability.

夜上海论坛 1. Each option should belong to the same word class as the word in the stem， particularly when the world appears in the context of a sentence. For example：

What happened to Jack in the accident？

A. came about B. came across C. carried out D. brought about

It is no saying that “ What came about to jack？” so the stem should be changed into form like this： Can you tell me how this accident happened？

2. The correct option and the distractors should be at approximately the same level of difficulty or have the same grammar constructions. For example：

Item1

夜上海论坛 theatrical

夜上海论坛 angry B. histrionic C. proud D. foolish

Item2

Tom seems to have told a ____ story to his friends， for everybody is laughing.

夜上海论坛 detective B. without any humor C. funny D. unbelievable

夜上海论坛 In item1， students will select the correct option B not because they know it is correct but only because they know the other option A. C. D are wrong. And in item2， students can eliminate option B for judging from the grammar construction. So those two item are neither reliable.

夜上海论坛 3. It is advisable to avoid using a pair of synonyms as distractors： if the testees recognize the synonyms， they may realize immediately that neither is the correct option， since there can be only one correct answer.

The old woman was always ____ when anyone spoke to her.

polite B. glad C. kind D. pleased

Even such near synonyms as glad and pleased are sufficient to indicate to intelligent students that the choice must be between polite and kind.

4. It is also dangerous to “pair off” options by providing an antonym as a distractor. Option A and C in the following vocabulary item immediately stand out； again， clever students will be able to narrow their choice down to two options once they realize that A means the opposite of C.

ascend

A. go up B. talk C. come down D. fetch

第3篇

[关键词]词汇学习与测试B/S模式ASPnet

夜上海论坛 中图分类号:TP3文献标识码:A文章编号:1671-7597(2009)1120060-02

夜上海论坛 一、引言

夜上海论坛 英语词汇学习与测试是英语习得的重要组成部分。词汇量和词汇使用熟练程度会直接影响英语学习的行为和结果,对英语学习成功与否相当重要。而传统的纸媒英语词汇学习与试卷测试方法不仅需要大量的人力物力投入,而且效率低,测试工作也无法避免因作弊和人工判卷等因素带来的误差,在线学习与测试则能以快捷、公正、灵活高效的特点很好的解决了上述弊端,在提高学习者英语词汇学习效率得同时,大大简化测试过程,提高教师得工作效率。

二、设计原理及系统分析

(一)设计原理

本着英语在线词汇练习、测试系统应具有良好的兼容性、可扩展性及跨平台运行等特性之原则,本系统采用B/S(Browser/Server)开发模式。这一模式只需安装维护一个服务器,客户端采用浏览器向服务器发出请求,服务器对浏览器的请求进行处理并将用户所需信息返回到用户端浏览器。

服务器端采用作为编程环境,以建立高效、交互、安全的服务器端应用程序。服务器的运行环境为Windows 2003,数据库服务器采用MS SQL Server 2000。

(二)系统分析

夜上海论坛 作为一个面向特定学习者的英语词汇学习与测试系统,学习者需要通过浏览器登陆系统,登陆成功后方可参加练习/测试。本系统按照词汇级别测试(Vocabulary Levels Test)分为六个等级,词汇量及词汇知识深度递增。

本系统附有词典功能,可用于练习模式下的单词查询。练习/测试模式下每一级试题根据本级词汇量及深度要求随机出题,练习/测试一旦开始,系统就开始倒计时并显示剩余时间,在练习/测试结束之前,学习者可以选择提前交卷;或者考试结束时由系统自动收卷并阅卷,学习者当场得知练习/测试成绩。系统流程图如图1所示。

三、系统设计

夜上海论坛 (一)系统功能结构设计

英语词汇学习与测试系统的测试机制是以计算机为载体,借助于互联网实现无纸化学习与测试,它是传统纸笔媒体练习/测试在网络环境下的延伸。因此,系统仍然具备传统英语词汇学习与测试的所有功能。本系统分为用户管理、答错题管理、练习管理、测试管理、系统参数设置等五个功能模块。

1.用户管理:由管理员批量录入学习者账号。不同类型账号具有不同权限。学习者登陆后只能查询考试记录、练习/考试;管理员可添加试题、统计考试结果;可修改用户等。

夜上海论坛 2.答错题管理:显示练习/考试时答错的习题,支持错题重做。

夜上海论坛 3.练习管理:按习题编号顺序生成习题集,做完提交后记录答错题,最后显示练习统计结果。

4.测试管理:随机生成测试试卷,做完提交后记录答错题,再显示测试成绩,最后记录测试结果。

夜上海论坛 5. 系统参数设置:包括每次抽取的试题数量、难度,考试时间;判断该用户是否有访问该级别的权限。

(二)数据库设计

数据库设计对系统开发有着极其重要的影响,数据库设计的好坏直接决定了系统能否稳定运行以及是否具有良好的可扩展性。在整个数据库设计过程中,我们始终遵循数据库设计标准化和规范化的原则,在充分体现系统需求的基础上,保证数据的准确性和一致性;通过合理表结构等方式提高数据查询效率。本系统的数据库主要由用户表、试题表、成绩表、答错题表构成,其中,成绩表定义及描述如表1所示。

四、系统实现

(一)用户登陆系统

夜上海论坛 用户按下“Log In”按钮,服务器接收登陆请求,根据以下顺序开始校验:

1.判断用户名和密码是否输入:

If Not ESUtility.IsNotBlank(txtUid.Text) Or Not ESUtility.IsNotBlank (txtPsw.Text, False) Then

2.判断用户是否存在:

dt = GetUserInfo()

夜上海论坛 If (dt.Rows.Count = 0) Then

3.判断密码是否吻合:

If Me.txtPsw.Text = userPwd Then

以上校验通过后,再由下面的校验来判断该用户权限,如果是管理员,跳转到用户管理画面,如果是普通用户,跳转到测试页面。

If UserAuthority.Equals("1") Then

Response.Redirect("./MainSrc/esTestResultInfo.aspx")

Else

Response.Redirect("./MainSrc/UserSearch.aspx?i=1")

End If

(二)学习与测试系统

学习与测试系统分为两个个主要部分:一是等级选择,二是学习与测试系统。

1. 等级选择。

本系统分为6级,只有通过前一级别的测试方能进入下一级别。等级选择根据LevelAuthorityCheck函数来判断执行,其函数的主要实现如下:

Dim sql As String = " select ISNULL(MAX(E_LEVEL),0) AS E_LEVEL from TEST_RESULT_LIST " +//从测试结果列表当中选择最大级别

" where USER_ID = '" + UserId + "'" + //抽出正在考试的考生的数据

" and PASS_FLG = '1'" //|抽出考试通过的数据

夜上海论坛 2.学习与测试系统。

可根据实际情况从单词、句子、单词和句子及测试四种任选一项进行词汇学习或测试。start按钮作为学习/测试的开始,end按钮作为结束,结束后将自动阅卷,并显示本次学习/测试的结果,并将错误的习题记录到错误表中,根据GetExercisesInfo函数从数据库当中抽出相应的数据,其函数的主要实现如下:

Dim sql As String = " SELECT TOP " + DisplayCount.ToString + " * fromEXERCISES_COLLECTION "

sql += "where E_LEVEL ='" + Level + "' and DEL_FLG='0'"

夜上海论坛 If ButtonFlg "" Then

夜上海论坛 If ButtonFlg = "1" Then

sql += " and EXERCISES_NO > isnull((select WORD_EXERCISES_NO"

Else

sql += " and EXERCISES_NO > isnull((select SENTENCE_EXERCISES_NO"

End If

sql += " from EXERCISES_NO_SET where USER_ID = '" + UserId + "'"

sql += " and E_LEVEL = '" + Level + "'),0)"

End If

If RandomFlg Then//如果是考试状态,则随机抽取试题

sql += " ORDER BY NewID() "

其中:DisplayCount.ToString 表示从数据库中抽出习题的条数;Level表示选择的相应的等级。

按下end按钮后,系统自动阅卷,根据EndButtonDeal函数把做错的习题保存到习题错误一览表里且显示当前练习结果,根据EXERCISES_NO_SET

函数设置屏蔽已做过的习题。

五、结束语

该英语词汇学习与测试系统已在我校英语教学中得到实践,参与实践的同学明显提高了对词汇学习的兴趣,同时词汇量和词汇使用熟练程度得到较大的提高,取得了良好的教学效果。

参考文献:

夜上海论坛 [1](美)贝尔利纳索, 2.0网站开发全程解析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.

[2]萨师煊、王珊,数据库系统概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003.